{"id":44573,"date":"2026-08-23T09:55:33","date_gmt":"2026-08-23T06:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ryjik.md\/blog\/recompense-pentru-dresaj\/"},"modified":"2026-08-23T09:55:33","modified_gmt":"2026-08-23T06:55:33","slug":"recompense-pentru-dresaj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ryjik.md\/ro\/blog\/recompense-pentru-dresaj\/","title":{"rendered":"Recompense pentru dresaj: cum le alegi \u0219i c\u00e2t po\u021bi da"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"ryjik-lead\">Recompensa pentru dresaj este o buc\u0103\u021bic\u0103 mic\u0103 \u0219i moale, pe care c\u00e2inele o \u00eenghite \u00eentr-o secund\u0103 \u0219i e gata s\u0103 lucreze mai departe. M\u0103rimea conteaz\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t gustul, iar cantitatea pe zi conteaz\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t am\u00e2ndou\u0103. Asocia\u021bia Mondial\u0103 de Medicin\u0103 Veterinar\u0103 pentru Animale Mici (WSAVA) \u021bine o singur\u0103 limit\u0103: toate recompensele la un loc trebuie s\u0103 dea sub 10% din caloriile zilnice. Pentru un c\u00e2ine adult s\u0103n\u0103tos de 10 kg asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een jur de 47 kcal pe zi. Pentru tot: pentru dresaj, pentru be\u021bi\u0219oarele de ros \u0219i pentru bucata \u00een care ascunzi pastila.<\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e2te recompense po\u021bi da pe zi<\/h2>\n<p>WSAVA nume\u0219te recompens\u0103 orice aliment dat peste hrana complet\u0103: gust\u0103ri, produse de ros, suplimente \u0219i tot ce folose\u0219ti ca s\u0103 dai medicamentul. Nu conteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 e cump\u0103rat din magazin sau t\u0103iat din propria cin\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ghidul WSAVA pentru st\u0103p\u00e2nii de c\u00e2ini exist\u0103 un tabel gata f\u0103cut cu limita zilnic\u0103 de calorii din recompense, dup\u0103 greutatea c\u00e2inelui.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Greutatea c\u00e2inelui, kg<\/th>\n<th>2<\/th>\n<th>6<\/th>\n<th>10<\/th>\n<th>15<\/th>\n<th>20<\/th>\n<th>30<\/th>\n<th>40<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Limita de calorii din recompense, kcal\/zi<\/td>\n<td>14<\/td>\n<td>32<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>79<\/td>\n<td>108<\/td>\n<td>134<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Cifrele sunt calculate pentru un c\u00e2ine adult s\u0103n\u0103tos obi\u0219nuit, cu o condi\u021bie corporal\u0103 normal\u0103. Dac\u0103 sl\u0103be\u0219te la indica\u021bia medicului, dac\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 o diet\u0103 veterinar\u0103 sau dac\u0103 este foarte activ, limita se calculeaz\u0103 separat.<\/p>\n<p>La pisici limita e \u0219i mai strict\u0103, fiindc\u0103 \u0219i necesarul zilnic e mai mic: 18 kcal pentru o pisic\u0103 de 2,5 kg, 22 kcal pentru una de 4 kg, 28 kcal pentru una de 7 kg.<\/p>\n<p>Dou\u0103 reguli WSAVA \u00eenc\u0103lcate cel mai des:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recompensa nu \u021bine locul unei mese. Hrana complet\u0103 \u0219i echilibrat\u0103 e necesar\u0103 \u00een fiecare zi, iar recompensele nu o echilibreaz\u0103, ci o dilueaz\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Dac\u0103 pe ambalaj nu scrie valoarea caloric\u0103, o ceri de la produc\u0103tor. Din ochi nu merge: \u00eentre produse diferen\u021bele ajung la de zece ori.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00e2t de departe e asta de practic\u0103 se vede dintr-un sondaj pe 716 st\u0103p\u00e2ni de c\u00e2ini din Canada \u0219i SUA (Nielson, 2023). Dup\u0103 propria lor estimare, recompensele \u00eensemnau median 15% din ra\u021bie. Estimarea e f\u0103cut\u0103 dup\u0103 cantitate, nu dup\u0103 calorii, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu o po\u021bi compara direct cu plafonul WSAVA, dar ordinul de m\u0103rime \u00eel arat\u0103. Doar 22% s-au bazat pe sfatul medicului veterinar c\u00e2nd au decis c\u00e2t s\u0103 dea. La cei care m\u0103surau recompensele cu o can\u0103 gradat\u0103, \u0219ansele de a urm\u0103ri cantitatea au fost de peste trei ori mai mari (raportul cotelor, odds ratio, 3,38). La st\u0103p\u00e2nii de pisici tabloul e asem\u0103n\u0103tor: \u00eentr-un sondaj pe 337 de persoane, 66% au spus c\u0103 urm\u0103resc cantitatea de recompense, dar cea mai frecvent\u0103 metod\u0103 de \u201em\u0103surare\u201d a fost aprecierea din ochi (41%).<\/p>\n<h2>De ce bucata trebuie s\u0103 fie minuscul\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>La dresaj nu conteaz\u0103 sa\u021bietatea, ci num\u0103rul de repet\u0103ri. C\u00e2inele trebuie s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 bucata, s\u0103 o \u00eenghit\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se uite din nou la tine. O recompens\u0103 mare rupe ritmul: c\u00e2t o mestec\u0103 \u0219i scap\u0103 firimituri, lec\u021bia bate pasul pe loc.<\/p>\n<p>Contraintuitiv e \u0219i faptul c\u0103 m\u0103rimea por\u021biei aproape nu schimb\u0103 motiva\u021bia. \u00cen experimentul lui Riemer \u0219i al colegilor (2018) c\u00e2inii au fost \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi s\u0103 alerge pe o pist\u0103 de 20 de metri dup\u0103 recompens\u0103, iar viteza a fost m\u0103surat\u0103. Au fost 19 participan\u021bi: nou\u0103 \u00een proba pe cantitate, zece \u00een proba pe calitate. O bucat\u0103 de hran\u0103 uscat\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de cinci: nicio diferen\u021b\u0103 de vitez\u0103, \u00een nicio etap\u0103. O bucat\u0103 de hran\u0103 uscat\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de o bucat\u0103 de c\u00e2rnat: dup\u0103 c\u00e2rnat c\u00e2inii au alergat semnificativ mai repede. Decide valoarea, nu cantitatea.<\/p>\n<p>A doua concluzie practic\u0103 vine din lucrarea lui Bremhorst \u0219i a colegilor (2018), pe 16 c\u00e2ini. Alegerea s-a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit egal: \u0219ase c\u00e2ini au preferat recompensa variat\u0103, \u0219ase pe cea constant\u0103, patru nu au ar\u0103tat nicio preferin\u021b\u0103. Dar la nivel de grup atrac\u021bia pentru varietate a crescut de la un bloc de probe la altul. De aceea\u0219i recompens\u0103 c\u00e2inele se plictise\u0219te, un set din c\u00e2teva feluri \u021bine motiva\u021bia mai mult.<\/p>\n<p>De aici schema de lucru: trei-patru feluri \u00een buzunar, buc\u0103\u021bi c\u00e2t un bob de maz\u0103re, iar cea mai valoroas\u0103 o p\u0103strezi pentru sarcinile grele.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum trebuie s\u0103 fie recompensa pentru dresaj<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Moale. Un biscuit tare, c\u00e2inele \u00eel ron\u021b\u0103ie o jum\u0103tate de minut \u0219i pierde firul.<\/li>\n<li>Nu se f\u0103r\u00e2m\u0103. Firimiturile din iarb\u0103 transform\u0103 lec\u021bia \u00een c\u0103utare.<\/li>\n<li>Miroase. O bucat\u0103 cu miros puternic c\u00e2inele o simte \u00eenainte s\u0103 o vad\u0103, \u0219i asta e jum\u0103tate din valoarea ei.<\/li>\n<li>Se rupe cu degetele. O felie de carne uscat\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 se \u00eempart\u0103 \u00een 10-15 buc\u0103\u021bi.<\/li>\n<li>Cu valoarea caloric\u0103 scris\u0103 pe ambalaj.<\/li>\n<li>De m\u0103rimea \u0219i forma potrivite. WSAVA cere direct s\u0103 le alegi a\u0219a \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 scad\u0103 riscul de sufocare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dintre <a href=\"https:\/\/ryjik.md\/ro\/catalog\/caini\/recompense-pentru-caini\/\">recompensele pentru c\u00e2ini<\/a> se potrivesc cuburile moi de carne, c\u00e2rn\u0103ciorii \u0219i fileul uscat care se rupe u\u0219or. Be\u021bi\u0219oarele de ros, oasele \u0219i urechile uscate nu sunt bune de dresaj deloc: se m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 mult timp, iar caloriile din ele consum\u0103 limita zilnic\u0103 dintr-o singur\u0103 dat\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum socote\u0219ti ca s\u0103 nu exagerezi<\/h2>\n<p>Trei metode, de la simplu la exact.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Iei o parte din ra\u021bia zilnic\u0103.<\/strong> Varianta cea mai corect\u0103: diminea\u021ba c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219ti por\u021bia de hran\u0103 uscat\u0103 pe o zi, o parte o pui \u00een borseta pentru recompense \u0219i lucrezi cu ea toat\u0103 ziua. Calorii \u00een plus nu apar deloc. Centrul veterinar Riney de la Universitatea Cornell recomand\u0103 acela\u0219i lucru pentru \u00eembog\u0103\u021birea mediului: \u201ePo\u021bi folosi por\u021biile m\u0103surate pentru ziua respectiv\u0103 ca s\u0103 faci masa mai interesant\u0103\u201d. Pentru un c\u00e2ine care m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 hrana cu pl\u0103cere, asta rezolv\u0103 \u00eentreaga problem\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scazi caloriile din por\u021bie.<\/strong> Dac\u0103 recompensa e cump\u0103rat\u0103, uit\u0103-te la valoarea caloric\u0103 la 100 g. S\u0103 zicem 350 kcal la 100 g, iar bucata c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te 1 g: iese 3,5 kcal pe repetare. Unui c\u00e2ine de 10 kg, cu limita de 47 kcal, \u00eei ajunge pentru 13 repet\u0103ri pe zi. Ce s-a m\u00e2ncat se scade din por\u021bia de sear\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219ti, nu aproximezi.<\/strong> Un c\u00e2ntar de buc\u0103t\u0103rie rezolv\u0103 problema pe care ochiul nu o rezolv\u0103. \u00cen sondajul Nielson tocmai metoda de m\u0103surare i-a desp\u0103r\u021bit pe cei care \u021bin cantitatea sub control de cei care o pierd.<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00e2ncarea de acas\u0103: cifre care surprind<\/h2>\n<p>Ca\u0219cavalul \u0219i c\u00e2rnatul par nevinova\u021bi, p\u00e2n\u0103 le treci \u00een calorii. Datele vin din acela\u0219i ghid WSAVA:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Alimentul<\/th>\n<th>Cantitatea<\/th>\n<th>Calorii<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Piept de pui fiert, f\u0103r\u0103 piele<\/td>\n<td>28 g<\/td>\n<td>47<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Carne de vit\u0103 fiart\u0103, slab\u0103<\/td>\n<td>28 g<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Unt de arahide<\/td>\n<td>1 lingur\u0103<\/td>\n<td>81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ca\u0219caval cheddar<\/td>\n<td>28 g<\/td>\n<td>120<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ureche de porc uscat\u0103<\/td>\n<td>56 g<\/td>\n<td>242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Os din piele presat\u0103 (rawhide)<\/td>\n<td>190 g<\/td>\n<td>700<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Adic\u0103 28 g de pui \u00eenseamn\u0103 deja toat\u0103 limita zilnic\u0103 a unui c\u00e2ine de 10 kg. O bucat\u0103 de ca\u0219caval de aceea\u0219i greutate, 120 kcal, acoper\u0103 aproape toat\u0103 limita unui c\u00e2ine de 35 kg (121 kcal). O singur\u0103 ureche uscat\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te limita oric\u0103rui c\u00e2ine din tabelul WSAVA, p\u00e2n\u0103 la 45 kg.<\/p>\n<p>Be\u021bi\u0219oarele din penis de taur au o poveste aparte. Echipa lui Freeman de la Universitatea Tufts (2013) le-a m\u0103surat valoarea caloric\u0103: \u00een medie 15 kcal la 2,5 cm de lungime, cu varia\u021bii de la 9 la 22. Un be\u021bi\u0219or de 15 cm \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00een jur de 90 kcal: aproape toat\u0103 limita zilnic\u0103 de recompense a unui c\u00e2ine de 25 kg (94 kcal) \u0219i vizibil mai mult dec\u00e2t limita unui c\u00e2ine de 20 kg.<\/p>\n<p>Tot acolo a fost verificat\u0103 \u0219i microflora: din 26 de be\u021bi\u0219oare, pe unul s-a g\u0103sit <em>Clostridium difficile<\/em>, pe altul <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> meticilino-rezistent (MRSA), pe al treilea <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> rezistent\u0103 la tetraciclin\u0103. Dup\u0103 recompensele uscate neprocesate spal\u0103-te pe m\u00e2ini.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen sondajul Nielson, m\u00e2ncarea de la masa omului ajungea la c\u00e2ini s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2nal la 30-40% dintre st\u0103p\u00e2ni, \u0219i tocmai acest obicei prezicea c\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nul \u00ee\u0219i consider\u0103 c\u00e2inele prea gras (raportul cotelor 2,24, p = 0,007). Ce nu se d\u0103 deloc de la mas\u0103 e desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een articolul <a href=\"https:\/\/ryjik.md\/ro\/blog\/alimente-interzise-pentru-caini\/\">\u201eCe nu are voie s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nce c\u00e2inele\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce nu merge ca recompens\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Lista lucrurilor periculoase WSAVA o d\u0103 scurt \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 nuan\u021be.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oasele, fierte \u0219i crude.<\/strong> Formularea WSAVA e f\u0103r\u0103 rezerve: ambele categorii pot provoca leziuni serioase c\u00e2nd sunt roase sau \u00eenghi\u021bite. \u00centr-o analiz\u0103 a 34 de cazuri de corpi str\u0103ini esofagieni la c\u00e2ini (Thompson, 2012) cele mai frecvente descoperiri au fost oasele (29,7%) \u0219i pielea presat\u0103 (rawhide, 29,7%). Mecanismul, a\u0219a cum \u00eel descrie FDA: a\u0219chiile de os r\u0103nesc gura, esofagul \u0219i stomacul, pe drumul prin intestin \u00eel pot perfora, iar bucata blocat\u0103 provoac\u0103 o obstruc\u021bie care se rezolv\u0103 doar prin opera\u021bie. \u201eOasele-recompens\u0103\u201d afumate sau coapte din magazin sunt acelea\u0219i oase.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prea tare.<\/strong> Coarne de cerb, copite \u0219i tot ce are muchii ascu\u021bite: WSAVA recomand\u0103 s\u0103 le evi\u021bi. Se rup mai ales din\u021bii cu care c\u00e2inele chiar mestec\u0103: premolarul 4 maxilar \u0219i molarul 1 mandibular (din\u021bii carnasieri) suport\u0103, din cauza p\u00e2rghiei maxilarului, o sarcin\u0103 mai mare dec\u00e2t caninii, iar fracturile lor sunt de obicei complicate, cu expunerea pulpei.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recompense uscate de origine animal\u0103, neprocesate.<\/strong> Urechile de porc \u0219i altele asemenea \u00eenseamn\u0103 risc de transmitere a bacteriilor, inclusiv salmonela.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Xilitolul.<\/strong> \u00cendulcitor care pe list\u0103 poate ap\u0103rea drept \u201ezah\u0103r de mesteac\u0103n\u201d, iar pe etichetele \u00een englez\u0103 drept \u201ebirch sugar\u201d sau \u201ewood sugar\u201d. FDA scrie c\u0103 la c\u00e2ini provoac\u0103 o eliberare brusc\u0103 de insulin\u0103 \u0219i o sc\u0103dere a glicemiei \u00een 10-60 de minute. Avertizeaz\u0103 separat despre untul de arahide: \u00eenainte s\u0103 i-l dai c\u00e2inelui sau s\u0103 ascunzi pastila \u00een el, cite\u0219te compozi\u021bia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Carnea uscat\u0103 industrial are o poveste separat\u0103. Din 2007 FDA a str\u00e2ns reclama\u021bii despre \u00eemboln\u0103viri dup\u0103 recompense uscate de pui \u0219i ra\u021b\u0103: p\u00e2n\u0103 la 31 decembrie 2015 se adunaser\u0103 \u00een jur de 5 200, \u00een care apar peste 6 200 de c\u00e2ini, 26 de pisici \u0219i peste 1 140 de c\u00e2ini mor\u021bi. \u00cen jur de 60% dintre cazuri au fost semne digestive, \u00een jur de 30% renale \u0219i urinare. Cauza nu a fost g\u0103sit\u0103, iar cele mai multe produse veneau din China. Concluzia FDA e direct\u0103: recompensele uscate nu sunt o parte necesar\u0103 a unei alimenta\u021bii complete. Dac\u0103 le dai, \u021bine c\u00e2inele sub observa\u021bie \u0219i p\u0103streaz\u0103 ambalajul cu num\u0103rul lotului.<\/p>\n<h2>Recompensele pentru pisic\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>\u0218i pisicile se \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 pe m\u00e2ncare, iar limita e aceea\u0219i: sub 10% din caloriile zilnice. Doar c\u0103 cifrele absolute sunt mai mici, deci \u0219i buc\u0103\u021bile trebuie s\u0103 fie mai mici.<\/p>\n<p>Din lista WSAVA pentru pisici: 28 g de ton conservat \u00een ap\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 36 kcal, de o dat\u0103 \u0219i jum\u0103tate mai mult dec\u00e2t toat\u0103 limita zilnic\u0103 de recompense a unei pisici de 4 kg (22 kcal). O bucat\u0103 de piept de pui fiert de aceea\u0219i greutate d\u0103 47 kcal \u0219i dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te limita oric\u0103rei pisici de cas\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Laptele \u0219i lactatele intr\u0103 la WSAVA \u00een lista celor de evitat: multe pisici nu diger\u0103 lactoza. O farfurioar\u0103 de lapte nu e o recompens\u0103, ci o sear\u0103 cu deranjament stomacal.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru lec\u021biile cu pisica ia buc\u0103\u021bi moi dintre <a href=\"https:\/\/ryjik.md\/ro\/catalog\/pisici\/recompense-pentru-pisici\/\">recompensele pentru pisici<\/a>, \u00eemparte-le \u00een dou\u0103 \u0219i lucreaz\u0103 \u00een reprize scurte, de dou\u0103-trei minute.<\/p>\n<h2>Recompensa ca instrument, nu ca mit\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Societatea Veterinar\u0103 American\u0103 pentru Comportamentul Animalelor (AVSAB) a formulat asta f\u0103r\u0103 echivoc \u00een pozi\u021bia din 2021: datele \u0219tiin\u021bifice sus\u021bin doar metodele bazate pe \u00eent\u0103rire. F\u0103r\u0103 durere, f\u0103r\u0103 fric\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 constr\u00e2ngere, f\u0103r\u0103 zg\u0103rzi \u0219trangulante, zg\u0103rzi de for\u021b\u0103 cu ghimpi \u0219i zg\u0103rzi cu electro\u0219ocuri. \u00cen sinteza ei AVSAB citeaz\u0103 lucrarea lui Hiby \u0219i a colegilor (2004): ascultarea a fost cea mai bun\u0103 la c\u00e2inii \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi exclusiv prin \u00eent\u0103rire \u0219i cea mai slab\u0103 la cei \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi exclusiv prin metode aversive.<\/p>\n<p>Cum arat\u0103 asta \u00een practic\u0103:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Recompensa apare <em>dup\u0103<\/em> ac\u021biunea cerut\u0103, nu se arat\u0103 dinainte. M\u00e2na cu m\u00e2ncare sub nas e o momeal\u0103, iar momeala trebuie eliminat\u0103 mai devreme sau mai t\u00e2rziu.<\/li>\n<li>Momentul se marcheaz\u0103: cu un clic de clicker sau cu un cuv\u00e2nt scurt. AVSAB nume\u0219te direct clickerul \u0219i semnalul verbal printre instrumentele de \u00eent\u0103rire.<\/li>\n<li>Semnalul e necesar tocmai fiindc\u0103 m\u00e2na cu recompensa \u00eent\u00e2rzie mereu. Clicul marcheaz\u0103 secunda potrivit\u0103, iar buc\u0103\u021bica vine dup\u0103.<\/li>\n<li>Recompensa nu e doar m\u00e2ncare. Juc\u0103ria, joaca \u0219i libertatea de a mirosi un st\u00e2lp func\u021bioneaz\u0103 la fel \u0219i nu cost\u0103 nicio calorie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Po\u021bi face dresaj cu hrana uscat\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103?<\/strong><br \/>\nDa, iar pentru mul\u021bi c\u00e2ini e varianta cea mai bun\u0103. Hrana din ra\u021bia zilnic\u0103 nu adaug\u0103 calorii \u0219i e echilibrat\u0103 ca formul\u0103. Dac\u0103 lucreaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 chef pentru ea, las\u0103 crochetele pentru repet\u0103rile simple de acas\u0103, iar recompensa moale pentru strad\u0103 \u0219i pentru ce e greu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2inele nu ia m\u00e2ncare afar\u0103, ce faci?<\/strong><br \/>\nRefuzul de a m\u00e2nca afar\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 aproape \u00eentotdeauna c\u0103 e prea nelini\u0219tit sau prea atras de ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 \u00een jur. M\u0103re\u0219te distan\u021ba fa\u021b\u0103 de stimulul care \u00eel deranjeaz\u0103, a\u0219teapt\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 din nou s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nce \u0219i lucreaz\u0103 de la distan\u021ba aceea. Ajut\u0103 \u0219i cre\u0219terea valorii recompensei, dar distan\u021ba conteaz\u0103 mai mult.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recompensele dentare intr\u0103 \u00een cele 10%?<\/strong><br \/>\nDa. WSAVA pune produsele de ros la recompense, la fel cu celelalte. Cum le alegi dup\u0103 semnul de aprobare VOHC \u0219i de ce periu\u021ba r\u0103m\u00e2ne totu\u0219i principala, scrie \u00een articolul <a href=\"https:\/\/ryjik.md\/ro\/blog\/igiena-dentara-la-caini\/\">\u201eIgiena dentar\u0103 la c\u00e2ini\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>C\u00e2t po\u021bi da unui c\u0103\u021bel?<\/strong><br \/>\nAceea\u0219i propor\u021bie, sub 10%, dar o socote\u0219ti din necesarul zilnic al c\u0103\u021belului, care e mai mare dec\u00e2t al adultului. Buc\u0103\u021bile se fac \u00een schimb mai mici: c\u0103\u021belul lucreaz\u0103 repede \u0219i repet\u0103rile pe lec\u021bie sunt mai multe.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Po\u021bi \u00eenlocui cina cu recompense, dac\u0103 peste zi ai exagerat?<\/strong><br \/>\nNu. Recompensele nu sunt echilibrate ca nutrien\u021bi, iar WSAVA interzice direct s\u0103 \u00eenlocuie\u0219ti o mas\u0103 cu ele. Corect e exact invers: mic\u0219orezi por\u021bia de hran\u0103 cu num\u0103rul de calorii care s-au dus pe recompense.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ca\u0219cavalul \u0219i parizerul merg?<\/strong><br \/>\nCa\u0219cavalul e foarte caloric: 28 g de cheddar \u00eenseamn\u0103 120 kcal. Un cubule\u021b mic ca recompens\u0103 rar\u0103 de valoare mare e acceptabil, ca material consumabil la fiecare repetare nu. Mezelurile pentru oameni au sare \u0219i condimente, iar m\u00e2ncarea gras\u0103 e trecut\u0103 de FDA la periculoase pentru animalele de companie.<\/p>\n<h2>Surse<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>WSAVA, Global Nutrition Committee. <a href=\"https:\/\/wsava.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Feeding-treats-to-your-dog-v2.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Feeding treats to your dog<\/a>, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>WSAVA, Global Nutrition Committee. <a href=\"https:\/\/wsava.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/Feeding-treats-to-your-cat-v2.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Feeding treats to your cat<\/a>, 2024.<\/li>\n<li>Nielson S.A. \u0219i al\u021bii. Dog caregivers&#8217; perceptions, motivations, and behaviours for feeding treats. <em>Preventive Veterinary Medicine<\/em>, 2023, 217:105971. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37393705\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PMID 37393705<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Nielson S.A. \u0219i al\u021bii. Cat caregivers&#8217; perceptions, motivations, and behaviours for feeding treats. <em>PLoS ONE<\/em>, 2024, 19(1):e0296011. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38198455\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PMID 38198455<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Freeman L.M., Janecko N., Weese J.S. Nutritional and microbial analysis of bully sticks and survey of opinions about pet treats. <em>Canadian Veterinary Journal<\/em>, 2013, 54(1):50-54. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23814301\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PMID 23814301<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Riemer S., Ellis S.L., Thompson H., Burman O.H. Reinforcer effectiveness in dogs: the influence of quantity and quality. <em>Applied Animal Behaviour Science<\/em>, 2018, 206:87-93.<\/li>\n<li>Bremhorst A., B\u00fctler S., W\u00fcrbel H., Riemer S. Incentive motivation in pet dogs: preference for constant vs varied food rewards. <em>Scientific Reports<\/em>, 2018, 8:9756. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29950698\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PMID 29950698<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Thompson H.C. \u0219i al\u021bii. Esophageal foreign bodies in dogs: 34 cases (2004-2009). <em>Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care<\/em>, 2012, 22(2):253-261. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23016814\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PMID 23016814<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Soltero-Rivera M. \u0219i al\u021bii. Fracture limits of maxillary fourth premolar teeth in domestic dogs under applied forces. <em>Frontiers in Veterinary Science<\/em>, 2019, 5:339. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30761310\/\" rel=\"nofollow\">PMID 30761310<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>AVSAB. <a href=\"https:\/\/avsab.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/AVSAB-Humane-Dog-Training-Position-Statement-2021.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">Position Statement on Humane Dog Training<\/a>, 2021.<\/li>\n<li>FDA. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/consumers\/consumer-updates\/paws-xylitol-its-dangerous-dogs\" rel=\"nofollow\">Paws Off Xylitol; It&#8217;s Dangerous for Dogs<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>FDA. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/animal-health-literacy\/potentially-dangerous-items-your-pet\" rel=\"nofollow\">Potentially Dangerous Items for Your Pet<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>FDA. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/animal-health-literacy\/take-oh-no-out-your-and-your-pets-holiday-ho-ho-ho\" rel=\"nofollow\">Take the &#8220;Oh No!&#8221; Out of Your and Your Pets&#8217; Holiday<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>FDA. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/outbreaks-and-advisories\/fda-investigates-animal-illnesses-linked-jerky-pet-treats\" rel=\"nofollow\">FDA Investigates Animal Illnesses Linked to Jerky Pet Treats<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Cornell Riney Canine Health Center. <a href=\"https:\/\/riney.vet.cornell.edu\/member-benefits-health-tips\/canine-enrichment-ideas\" rel=\"nofollow\">Canine Enrichment Ideas<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Articolul are caracter informativ \u0219i nu \u00eenlocuie\u0219te consulta\u021bia medicului veterinar. Dac\u0103 animalul s-a \u00eenecat cu o bucat\u0103, a \u00eencetat s\u0103 m\u0103n\u00e2nce sau a \u00eenceput s\u0103 vomite ori s\u0103 aib\u0103 diaree dup\u0103 o recompens\u0103, mergi imediat la medic.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n \"mainEntity\": [\n  {\n   \"@type\": \"Question\",\n   \"name\": \"Po\u021bi face dresaj cu hrana uscat\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103?\",\n   \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n    \"text\": \"Da, iar pentru mul\u021bi c\u00e2ini e varianta cea mai bun\u0103. Hrana din ra\u021bia zilnic\u0103 nu adaug\u0103 calorii \u0219i e echilibrat\u0103 ca formul\u0103. 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